Corns and calluses are caused from pressure or friction. A corn or callus is a thickening of the skin that usually occurs over an area of increased pressure such as on top of a contracted toe where it may rub against a shoe, the side of a bunion or the ball-of-the foot.   There are several ways to treat corns & calluses.  They can be filed down with a foot file to minimize the pressure and discomfort.  There are also exfoliating creams that help reduce the thickened skin.  Non-medicated corn & callus pads are  popular and help to to disperse the pressure and alleviate pain.  Other foot pads such as hammer toe cushions, toe straighteners, bunion slings and bunion pads can also help prevent corns & calluses from becoming painful.   If pain persists or the area becomes red or inflamed, you should contact a medical professional such as a podiatrist.